本当に地獄のようなことがいっぱいあった。There were truly so many hellish things.
私が語り切れるもんじゃないようなこといっぱいありますThere are so many things that I could never fully tell.
。北村. Kitamura
栄美さん、今年92歳になります。Emi-san, who will turn 92 this year.
お願いして。Please.
戦時下、中国・満州での過酷な体験を仲間たちと共に紙芝居を使って語り伝えています。She tells of her harsh experiences in wartime Manchuria, China, together with her friends, using kamishibai picture-story shows.
栄美さんは1941年、7歳の時にEmi-san, in 1941, at age 7,
長野県の大鹿村から満蒙開拓団として満州に渡りました。moved from Oshika Village in Nagano Prefecture to Manchuria as part of the Manchuria-Mongolia pioneer group.
日本が中国を侵略し建国した傀儡国が満州国です。Manchukuo was the puppet state Japan founded after invading China.
私たちWe
の家族は村の人々に送られて大鹿村を後にしました。Our
開拓団を送り出すと村に補助金がもらえることもあってBecause the village would receive subsidies for sending out a settlement group,
村では半ば強引に移民を募集しました。the village recruited immigrants almost by force.
昭和16年、1941年6月、私たちは入植地に着きました。In Showa 16, June 1941, we arrived at our settlement site.
そこには土でできた長屋があり開拓団の村ができていました。There were earthen row houses there, and a settlement village had been formed.
太古堂開拓団と言います。It was called the Taikodo Pioneer Group.
満州には豊かな資源と広大な土地がありました。Manchuria had rich resources and vast land.
しかし現地の土地家屋はただ同然か安い値段で奪い取ったものです。But the local land and houses had been seized for next to nothing or at cheap prices.
栄美さんの満州での生活はソ連侵攻を境に一変しました。Emi-san's life in Manchuria changed completely with the Soviet invasion.
頼りにしていた日本の軍隊はそれまでにあちこちに送られておりThe Japanese army they had relied on had already been sent elsewhere,
開拓農民たちは満州の奥地にand the pioneer farmers were
捨てられたのです。abandoned deep in Manchuria.
あの戦争の苦しみは忘れることができません。I can never forget the suffering of that war.
人間のできる業じゃないようなことばかり。It was nothing but things no human should ever do.
それまで日本人にひどい仕打ちを受けていた現地民の中には、Among the local people who had suffered terrible treatment by the Japanese,
女子供ばかりの開拓団を襲撃する人たちもいましたし、there were those who attacked the pioneer groups made up only of women and children, and
ソ連軍もthe Soviet army also
開拓農民のわずかな財産や命を奪っていました。took the pioneer farmers' meager possessions and lives.
襲撃を受けて全滅した開拓団、Pioneer groups wiped out by attacks,
自ら命を絶ち、集団自決に走った開拓団、pioneer groups who took their own lives, resorting to mass suicide,
ソ連軍からの襲撃を収めるために太古堂開拓団が取った選択、the choice the Taikodo Pioneer Group made to stop the Soviet army's attacks,
栄美さんの記憶に焼きついています。is burned into Emi-san's memory.
ただ。Just...
悲しかった、苦しかった、かわいそうだった。It was sad, it was painful, they were pitiful.
ただそれだけが頭の中にもう渦巻くほどJust that alone swirls in my head so much
本当にあって、黒川のようなことがあの黒川だけじゃない、どこでもあったんだということがわかった。It really happened, and I learned that things like Kurokawa were not only in Kurokawa, they happened everywhere.
黒川、Kurokawa,
岐阜県旧黒川村から満州に渡った黒川開拓団で性暴力の犠牲となった女性たち。The women of the Kurokawa Pioneer Group from former Kurokawa Village in Gifu Prefecture who went to Manchuria and became victims of sexual violence.
去年映画化され公開されました。It was made into a film and released last year.
黒川開拓団も現地住民の襲撃に遭い、The Kurokawa Pioneer Group was also attacked by local residents,
生きて日本に戻るために敵であるソ連軍に警護を頼んだのです。and to return to Japan alive, they asked the enemy, the Soviet army, for protection.
その見返りに未婚の女性十五人を性の相手として差し出しました。In return, they offered fifteen unmarried women as sexual partners.
あのThat
な嫁さんは他の面でよ奥さんは他の面で、That bride, in other respects, well, your wife in other respects,
あんたの娘だけどうか犠牲になってくれって言われましてそれをthey said, please let only your daughter be the sacrifice, and
今夜はこの人明日はこの人とまあ決めてあったんですねTonight this person, tomorrow that person, well, it had been decided
接待所があって犠牲になってで皆さんが病気になられてThere was a reception facility and they were sacrificed, and everyone became ill
そのたくさん十人二十人亡くなってきましてねand many, ten, twenty people died
接待に出られた時の気持ちこれその通りだよ本当に。The feelings when going out to that reception, this is exactly right, truly.
ベニヤで囲まれて、うんうんうんそうそうそうそうそんなしっかりしたとこじゃないもんでベニヤで囲ったら上等だよ。Surrounded by plywood, yes yes yes, that's right, that's right, it wasn't such a solid place, so being enclosed by plywood was first-class.
本当囲ってないところもあるくらいだから。There are even places that really aren't enclosed.
いや。No.
そうそうもうなだあと並んでた並んでてそこだよ。Yeah, yeah, well, they were lined up, lined up, right there.
自分たちが犯されるときは一人一人じゃないのみんな雑魚寝みたいな格好で。When we ourselves were violated, it wasn't one by one, we were all like sleeping together in a heap.
えそんな何人もだったんです。What, there were that many people?
うんうん何人もいるから。Yes, yes, because there are many people.
一回一回に四人ぐらい行くよ。About four people go each time.
近づかない近づかないそんなこと。Don't get close, don't get close, no such thing.
みんなわかっみんなみんなわかってるわ大人は。Everyone knows, everyone, everyone, the adults know.
大人がやらせてるんだから。Because the adults are making them do it.
それで犠牲になってくれと言われまして。And I was told to please become a sacrifice.
黒川開拓団で犠牲となった女性たちが証言し、性接待の事実が明るみになったのです。Women who were victimized in the Kurokawa pioneer group testified, bringing the fact of sexual接待 to light.
黒Kuro
川開拓団では戦後世代が女性たちに向き合い、事実を認めて遺族会会長が謝罪しました。In the Kurokawa pioneer group, the postwar generation faced the women, acknowledged the facts, and the bereaved families association president apologized.
若きYoung
女性たちの取り戻すことのできない奪われた青春と被害後の希望を絶たれた長い年月にFor the irretrievable stolen youth of the young women and the long years after the victimization when hope was cut off,
深くお詫び申し上げるとともに大変申し訳ない思いでいっぱいであります。I offer my deep apologies and am filled with a feeling of great remorse.
三二一、はい。Three, two, one, yes.
遺族会は悲分を絶って事実を悲惨なのです。The bereaved families association made a painful decision to make public the tragic facts.
碑文には接待の事実、The inscription records the fact of the接待,
女性たちの苦悩、そして長く隠されてきたことが綴られ、満蒙開拓の実相についても記されています。the suffering of the women, and the fact that it was long hidden, and also describes the reality of the Manchuria-Mongolia pioneering.
性接待は黒川だけでなく、太鼓洞開拓団でも行われていました。The sexual接待 took place not only in Kurokawa but also in the Taikodo pioneer group.
栄美さんが証しました。Ms. Emi testified.
ソ連軍がね、女の人を探しに来るけど、毎日逃げ切れないもんだから、だからあのYou know, Soviet soldiers would come looking for women, but you can't escape every day, so, um,
誰かこうSomeone, like
人を提供しようと、いうことになって接待を提供しようということになってで人を探したったら、だからあのit was decided to offer up a person, to provide接待, and so they looked for someone, so um
よそからの開拓団の人たちが私たちの開拓団に逃げてきた人たちがじゃああの私がpeople from other pioneer groups who had fled to our pioneer group said, well then, I will
犠牲になっていきますって言って名乗ってくれる人があったってbecome the sacrifice, they said someone volunteered,
私それ本気にしてました。I really believed that.
しかし真相は違っていました。But the truth was different.
女性たちが自ら犠牲を申し出たわけではありませんでした。The women had not volunteered to sacrifice themselves.
本当は男の人たちが選んだんだってことを後でわかった。I learned later that actually the men had chosen them.
行くときには犠牲になってくれてすまんつってみんなが泣いて送った。When they left, everyone cried and saw them off, saying sorry for making you sacrifice.
そしたら帰ってきたらあれはロシアのとこ行ってなんて汚れた女っていう。Then when they came back, they called them dirty women for going to the Russians.
太鼓洞開拓団でも団幹部が女性を差し出していたのです。In the Taikodo pioneer group too, the group leaders had offered up women.
はい、あのYes, um,
背景がありまして、there is a background,
明治の近代国家作りの時に、まあ国はあの家父長制When building the modern nation-state in Meiji, well, the country created a patriarchal
的なあの国家を作るということで、kind of state, with
まあ男性を中心にあの女性をwell, centering on men, women were
あの二分化して、一方の女性は産む性の女性で、もう一方は快楽の性の対象divided in two: on one side women as reproductive sexuality, and on the other as objects of pleasurable sexuality,
というふうに女性を二分化するんですね。that's how women were divided in two.
強固な家父長制っていうのがあって、まあそこで極限的な状態の中で女性の中に線引きが行われていく。There was a strong patriarchy, and in that extreme situation a line was drawn among women.
黒川の場合は未婚の女性だし、In Kurokawa's case it was unmarried women,
でこれは出征兵士の妻を守るっていう、結局はまああの産む性である女性たちを守っていくという。and this was to protect the wives of soldiers at the front, in the end protecting the women who are the reproductive sex.
太鼓洞開拓団の場合は団以外の女性を選んでますよね。In the case of the Taikodo pioneer group, they chose women from outside the group.
より脆弱な人たちを突っ込むというかあのそこを狙うような形で行われたんだと。It was carried out in a way that targeted more vulnerable people, pushing them forward.
自分たちが起こした戦争のつけをMaking women, girls pay with their bodies for the war they themselves started, making the women pay the price.
女性たち女の子どもにあの体であがなわせてるっていうかあの女性たちにつけを払わせるっていう。Women's history researcher Yoshiko Hirai's survey shows
女性史を研究している平井佳子さんの調査ではAccording to research by Yoshiko Hirai, who studies women's history,
こうした女性を性の相手として差し出す行為は少なくとも44件が明らかになっています。At least 44 cases of offering such women as sexual partners have come to light.
もっとたくさんあったと思います。I think there were many more.
書き残されたものにアクセスできただけで、あのもっと本当にたくさんあったことの一部だと思いますね。44I think that's just part of what was really much more, only what I could access in written records. 44
件というのは、cases, that is,
それとそのこの本を書いた時点ではその数だったんですけれども、まあその後も証言をいただいたり手紙and at the time I wrote this book that was the number, but even afterwards, in testimonies and letters I received, the same kind of things were happening, and in the train on the way back,
をいただいたりした中ではやはり同じようなことが起きてるし、引き上げ途中のあの列車の中で、before crossing that river, and not only in fixed places but during the movement on the way back, suffering various sexual violence,
あの川を渡る前にとか、固定的な場だけではなくて引き上げ途中の移動の中でいろいろ性暴力にあって、before crossing that river, and not only in fixed places but during the movement on the way back, suffering various sexual violence,
満州での地獄の日々、家族の命も選択せざるを得ませんでした。The hellish days in Manchuria, they had no choice but to choose the lives of family members.
栄美さんの二人の妹、9歳の千尋と10カ月の赤ん坊の陽子。Emi's two younger sisters, 9-year-old Chihiro and 10-month-old baby Yoko.
食料が枯渇する中、二人が百日咳にかかり、As food ran out, the two caught whooping cough,
年長の千尋を助けるために、赤ん坊の陽子を犠牲にしました。to save the older Chihiro, they sacrificed the baby Yoko.
はあ、陽子に目並みあった。Ah, I felt sorry for Yoko.
私のお金だっただけ。It was just my money.
だから、So,
そんなことするじゃないか、可哀想なことするなっていう。don't do such a thing, don't do such a pitiful thing, they said.
どっちにしろ死ぬ子か、いつまでもいつまでも苦しめねえか、可哀想じゃないか。Either way she's a child who will die, should we let her suffer forever, isn't that pitiful.
何とかあれだけど、あれそれであれ。Somehow, but, well with that.
また助けてやん。Help her again.
陽子は今助けてもあの小さいで幼いでどっちにしろ死ぬ子や。Even if we help Yoko now, she's so small and young, either way she's a child who will die.
だから陽子は可哀想だけど、もう今日から親だけやっとけ。So Yoko is pitiful, but from today just take care of the parents.
で千尋にその分を思いをやって千尋を元気にしてくれって私に言ったの。And give that share of care to Chihiro and make Chihiro well, she told me.
間もなくして、陽子は息を引き取りました。Soon after, Yoko passed away.
私は悲しくて悲しくて、I was so sad, so sad,
陽子の木箱が置かれているところに毎日出かけて行って泣いていました。and every day I went to where Yoko's wooden box was placed and cried.
ある日、いつものように、陽子のところへ行ってみるOne day, as usual, I went to see Yoko
と、and,
そこで母の姿を見たのです。there I saw my mother.
母は陽子を木箱から出して抱きしめ、一人で泣いていたのです。Mother had taken Yoko out of the wooden box and was holding her, crying alone.
みんなねその頃ね私の家だけじゃないんです毎日子供が30人40人で死んでくんですEveryone, at that time, it wasn't just my family, every day 30 or 40 children were dying
3歳以下の子はほとんど死んでしまったんですAlmost all children under 3 years old died
このなんこの先生さんなんてThis, this teacher, and so on
何回も来てみんなあれだなそれでは北村came many times and everyone, well then, Kitamura
栄美Emi
さんは今黒川開拓団の慰霊祭にも足を運んでいます。now also attends the memorial service for the Kurokawa pioneer group.
この満州黒川開拓団の犠牲というThe sacrifice of this Manchuria Kurokawa pioneer group
犠牲のあったことをなかったことにはできないと、cannot be treated as if it never happened,
人として人間の尊厳を明らかに守れたこと、that human dignity was clearly protected as human beings,
戦後までの私たちが今できることは再び黒川開拓団のような悲劇を二度と生んではならないこと、What we who have lived until after the war can do now is to never again create a tragedy like that of the Kurokawa pioneer group,
戦争の悲惨さ、平和の大切さ、必要性を子や孫たちに伝えていかなければなりません。We must convey to our children and grandchildren the misery of war, and the importance and necessity of peace.
そして誰もが自分ごととして平和の必要性を考えてほしいと願います。And I hope everyone will consider the need for peace as their own personal matter.
この黒川から世界に向けて発信しましょう。Let us send this message from Kurokawa to the world.
なんとか頑張ればね。If we somehow do our best.
ああ頑張ればね。Ah, if we do our best.
無理せんように。Don't overdo it.
ありがとう。Thank you.
何無理せんように。What, don't overdo it.
うん。Yeah.
ありがとうございます。Thank you very much.
ならまたね。Well, see you again.
またね。See you again.
またね。See you later.
え、食べに肩骨だね。Huh, it's shoulder bone to eat, huh.
なんでな。Why is that.
そう。Yeah.
そうね。Yeah, that's right.
まだこれから長生きする。I'm still going to live long from here on.
喋らんな。He doesn't talk, huh.
喋らんな。He doesn't talk, huh.
ね。Right?